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Subject Syllabus

AL-501 - Operating Systems

AIML · Semester 5

Course Modules

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Function, evolution, and different types of operating systems Desirable characteristics and features of an OS Operating system services: types of services Different ways of providing these services: commands and system calls Need of system calls Low level implementation of system calls Portability issue Operating system structures

File concept User's and system programmer's view of the file system Hard disk organization Disk formatting and file system creation Different modules of a file system Disk space allocation methods: contiguous, linked, and indexed Disk partitioning and mounting Directory structures File protection Virtual and remote file systems Case studies of file systems used in Unix/Linux and Windows System calls used in these operating systems for file management

Concept of a process Process state diagram Different types of schedulers CPU scheduling algorithms Evaluation of scheduling algorithms Concept of threads: user level and kernel level threads Thread scheduling Multiprocessor and multicore processor scheduling Case studies of process management in Unix/Linux and Windows System calls used in these operating systems for process management Real and virtual concurrency Mutual exclusion, synchronization, and the critical section problem Solution to the critical section problem: mutex locks, monitors, and semaphores WAIT and SIGNAL operations and their implementation Classical problems of synchronization Inter-process communication Deadlock characterization, prevention, avoidance, and recovery

Contiguous allocation Non-contiguous allocation: paging, segmentation, and paged segmentation Comparison of memory management techniques Virtual memory: concept, overlay, dynamic linking and loading Implementation of virtual memory by demand paging Memory management in Unix/Linux and Windows

Overview of mass storage structures Disk scheduling I/O operations: program controlled, interrupt driven, and concurrent I/O Synchronous/asynchronous and blocking/non-blocking I/O operations I/O buffering Application I/O interface Kernel I/O subsystem Transforming I/O requests to hardware operations Overview of protection and security issues and mechanisms Introduction to multiprocessor, real time, embedded, and mobile operating systems Overview of virtualization