AL-602 - Computer Networks

Differentiate between connection-oriented and connectionless services with use-case scenarios. How are service primitives used in both?

Compare and contrast the OSI and TCP/IP models with detailed layer-wise functionality. Which model better suits modern networks and why?

What are the different types of transmission media (guided and unguided)? How do bandwidth, data rate and media influence network performance?

Compare Go-Back-N and Selective Repeat sliding window protocols. Discuss advantages and disadvantages with diagrams and example sequences.

What are Petri Net Models? Represent and explain the working of a data link layer protocol using a Petri Net diagram.

Given a data bit sequence 1101011011 and generator polynomial 10011, compute the CRC code and show how error detection works using it.

Explain the Binary Exponential Back-off (BEB) algorithm. How does it manage collisions in Ethernet networks?

Describe the collision-free protocols such as Basic Bit Map, BRAP and Binary Countdown. How do they eliminate data collisions?

Compare and analyze Pure ALOHA and Slotted ALOHA protocols. Derive expressions for throughput and efficiency.

Define hierarchical routing. Compare it with flat and source routing. Under what network conditions is it preferable?

Describe the differences in IPv4 and IPv6 packet formats. What improvements does IPv6 bring over IPv4?

An IP packet of size 3000 bytes must be transmitted over a link with MTU of 1000 bytes. Show how IPv4 fragmentation is performed.

Discuss the impact of TCP congestion control mechanisms such as Slow Start, Congestion Avoidance, and Fast Retransmit on network performance.

Explain the TCP connection management process (three-way and four-way handshakes). Why is graceful termination necessary?

Write short notes on (any two): (i) CSMA/CD and CSMA/CA protocols (ii) IEEE Standards 802 series (iii) HTTP and DNS Protocol (iv) SMTP, MIME and IMAP email protocols.